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Complete Works of Josephus, Flavius: Wars of the Jews, Antiquities of the Jews, Against Apion, Autobiography. Interlinked edition. Incl: maps, timelines, family trees, coinage (Mobi Classics) by Flavius JosephusMobileReferenceINCLUDES: - maps - timelines - family trees - coinage - units of measure - modern analysis of Josephus works
Josephus fought the Romans in the First Jewish-Roman War as a Jewish military leader in Galilee. After the Romans invaded, killing thousands, Josephus and one of his soldiers surrendered to the Roman forces. He became a prisoner and provided the Romans with intelligence on the ongoing revolt. He appears to have played some role as a negotiator with the defenders of Jerusalem in 70.
In 71, he arrived in Rome in the entourage of Titus, becoming a Roman citizen. It was while in Rome, and under Flavian patronage, that Josephus wrote all of his works. The works of Josephus were studied for nearly 2,000 years by scholars, pastors, students, and everybody interested in history. Josephus writes in enlightened and provocative style. He offers information about individuals, groups, customs and geographical places.
His writings provide a significant, extra-biblical account of the Maccabees, the Hasmonean dynasty and the rise of Herod the Great. He makes references to the Sadducees, Jewish High Priests of the time, Pharisees and Essenes, the Herodian Temple, the Zealots, and to such figures as Pontius Pilate, Herod the Great, Agrippa I and Agrippa II, John the Baptist, James the brother of Jesus. The Josephus' books provide the most important contemporary reference to Jesus Christ.
The updated translations of Josephus' works by William Whiston are easy to read and are essential to understanding of the first century Jerusalem, the time of Christ and the New Testament.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
LIST OF WORKS: 1. Wars of the Jews or Jewish War or the History of the Destruction of Jerusalem (c. 75) 2. Antiquities of the Jews or Jewish Antiquities (c. 94) 3. Against Apion or Flavius Josephus Against Apion (c. 97) 4. The Life of Flavius Josephus or Autobiography of Flavius Josephus (c. 99) 5. Josephus' Discourse to the Greeks Concerning Hades (erroneously attributed to Josephus, now believed to be the work of Hippolytus of Rome)
APPENDIX: 1. Maps of Palestine: 830 BC | 50 AD | Galilee 50 AD 2. Maps of Assyria and Persian Empire: Assyria 824-671 BC | Persian Empire 490 BC 3. Maps of Roman Empire: 218 BC - 117 AD | 69 AD | 117 AD | Legions Camps 80 AD 4. Models: Jerusalem | Solomon's Temple | Herod's Temple 5. Timeline Graphical: Near East 3000-600 BC | Hasmonean Dynasty 175 BC-35 BC | Roman Empire 60 BC-450 AD 6. Timeline of Places: Palestine | Biblical Israel and Judah | Jerusalem | Ancient Rome 7. Timeline of Jewish Leaders: Kings of Judah | Kings of Israel | High Priests | Hasmonean Dynasty | Herodian Dynasty | Herod | Christianity 8. Timeline of Roman Leaders: Emperors | Procurators of Judaea 9. Graphical Family Trees: Herod | Herod and Mariamne | Flavian Dynasty 10. Biographies: Josephus | Hasmonean Dynasty | Herodian Dynasty | Herod | Vespasian | Titus | Domitian 11. History: Palestine | Biblical Israel and Judah | Iudaea Province | First Jewish-Roman War (66-73) | Kitos War (115-117) | Second Jewish-Roman War (132-135) 12. Calendar: Hebrew | Julian | Syrian/Macedonian 13. Coinage: Most Common | Hebrew | Greek | Roman 14. Units of Measure: Conversion | Relationship between units of length and human body 15. Josephus on Jesus: Antiquities of the Jews-Book XVIII | Antiquities of the Jews-Book XX | Description of Essenes
INCLUDES: - maps - timelines - family trees - coinage - units of measure - modern analysis of Josephus works
Josephus fought the Romans in the First Jewish-Roman War as a Jewish military leader in Galilee. After the Romans invaded, killing thousands, Josephus and one of his soldiers surrendered to the Roman forces. He became a prisoner and provided the Romans with intelligence on the ongoing revolt. He appears to have played some role as a negotiator with the defenders of Jerusalem in 70.
In 71, he arrived in Rome in the entourage of Titus, becoming a Roman citizen. It was while in Rome, and under Flavian patronage, that Josephus wrote all of his works. The works of Josephus were studied for nearly 2,000 years by scholars, pastors, students, and everybody interested in history. Josephus writes in enlightened and provocative style. He offers information about individuals, groups, customs and geographical places.
His writings provide a significant, extra-biblical account of the Maccabees, the Hasmonean dynasty and the rise of Herod the Great. He makes references to the Sadducees, Jewish High Priests of the time, Pharisees and Essenes, the Herodian Temple, the Zealots, and to such figures as Pontius Pilate, Herod the Great, Agrippa I and Agrippa II, John the Baptist, James the brother of Jesus. The Josephus' books provide the most important contemporary reference to Jesus Christ.
The updated translations of Josephus' works by William Whiston are easy to read and are essential to understanding of the first century Jerusalem, the time of Christ and the New Testament.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
LIST OF WORKS: 1. Wars of the Jews or Jewish War or the History of the Destruction of Jerusalem (c. 75) 2. Antiquities of the Jews or Jewish Antiquities (c. 94) 3. Against Apion or Flavius Josephus Against Apion (c. 97) 4. The Life of Flavius Josephus or Autobiography of Flavius Josephus (c. 99) 5. Josephus' Discourse to the Greeks Concerning Hades (erroneously attributed to Josephus, now believed to be the work of Hippolytus of Rome)
APPENDIX: 1. Maps of Palestine: 830 BC | 50 AD | Galilee 50 AD 2. Maps of Assyria and Persian Empire: Assyria 824-671 BC | Persian Empire 490 BC 3. Maps of Roman Empire: 218 BC - 117 AD | 69 AD | 117 AD | Legions Camps 80 AD 4. Models: Jerusalem | Solomon's Temple | Herod's Temple 5. Timeline Graphical: Near East 3000-600 BC | Hasmonean Dynasty 175 BC-35 BC | Roman Empire 60 BC-450 AD 6. Timeline of Places: Palestine | Biblical Israel and Judah | Jerusalem | Ancient Rome 7. Timeline of Jewish Leaders: Kings of Judah | Kings of Israel | High Priests | Hasmonean Dynasty | Herodian Dynasty | Herod | Christianity 8. Timeline of Roman Leaders: Emperors | Procurators of Judaea 9. Graphical Family Trees: Herod | Herod and Mariamne | Flavian Dynasty 10. Biographies: Josephus | Hasmonean Dynasty | Herodian Dynasty | Herod | Vespasian | Titus | Domitian 11. History: Palestine | Biblical Israel and Judah | Iudaea Province | First Jewish-Roman War (66-73) | Kitos War (115-117) | Second Jewish-Roman War (132-135) 12. Calendar: Hebrew | Julian | Syrian/Macedonian 13. Coinage: Most Common | Hebrew | Greek | Roman 14. Units of Measure: Conversion | Relationship between units of length and human body 15. Josephus on Jesus: Antiquities of the Jews-Book XVIII | Antiquities of the Jews-Book XX | Description of Essenes
The Life of Flavius Josephus or Autobiography of Flavius Josephus. Interlinked edition. Incl: maps, timelines, family trees, coinage (Mobi Classics) by Flavius JosephusMobileReferenceINCLUDES: - maps - timelines - family trees - coinage - units of measure - modern analysis of Josephus works
Josephus fought the Romans in the First Jewish-Roman War as a Jewish military leader in Galilee. After the Romans invaded, killing thousands, Josephus and one of his soldiers surrendered to the Roman forces. He became a prisoner and provided the Romans with intelligence on the ongoing revolt. He appears to have played some role as a negotiator with the defenders of Jerusalem in 70.
In 71, he arrived in Rome in the entourage of Titus, becoming a Roman citizen. It was while in Rome, and under Flavian patronage, that Josephus wrote all of his works. The works of Josephus were studied for nearly 2,000 years by scholars, pastors, students, and everybody interested in history. Josephus writes in enlightened and provocative style. He offers information about individuals, groups, customs and geographical places.
His writings provide a significant, extra-biblical account of the Maccabees, the Hasmonean dynasty and the rise of Herod the Great. He makes references to the Sadducees, Jewish High Priests of the time, Pharisees and Essenes, the Herodian Temple, the Zealots, and to such figures as Pontius Pilate, Herod the Great, Agrippa I and Agrippa II, John the Baptist, James the brother of Jesus. The Josephus' books provide the most important contemporary reference to Jesus Christ.
The updated translations of Josephus' works by William Whiston are easy to read and are essential to understanding of the first century Jerusalem, the time of Christ and the New Testament.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
The Life of Flavius Josephus or Autobiography of Flavius Josephus (c. 99)
APPENDIX: 1. Maps of Palestine: 830 BC | 50 AD | Galilee 50 AD 2. Maps of Assyria and Persian Empire: Assyria 824-671 BC | Persian Empire 490 BC 3. Maps of Roman Empire: 218 BC - 117 AD | 69 AD | 117 AD | Legions Camps 80 AD 4. Models: Jerusalem | Solomon's Temple | Herod's Temple 5. Timeline Graphical: Near East 3000-600 BC | Hasmonean Dynasty 175 BC-35 BC | Roman Empire 60 BC-450 AD 6. Timeline of Places: Palestine | Biblical Israel and Judah | Jerusalem | Ancient Rome 7. Timeline of Jewish Leaders: Kings of Judah | Kings of Israel | High Priests | Hasmonean Dynasty | Herodian Dynasty | Herod | Christianity 8. Timeline of Roman Leaders: Emperors | Procurators of Judaea 9. Graphical Family Trees: Herod | Herod and Mariamne | Flavian Dynasty 10. Biographies: Josephus | Hasmonean Dynasty | Herodian Dynasty | Herod | Vespasian | Titus | Domitian 11. History: Palestine | Biblical Israel and Judah | Iudaea Province | First Jewish-Roman War (66-73) | Kitos War (115-117) | Second Jewish-Roman War (132-135) 12. Calendar: Hebrew | Julian | Syrian/Macedonian 13. Coinage: Most Common | Hebrew | Greek | Roman 14. Units of Measure: Conversion | Relationship between units of length and human body 15. Josephus on Jesus: Antiquities of the Jews-Book XVIII | Antiquities of the Jews-Book XX | Description of Essenes
INCLUDES: - maps - timelines - family trees - coinage - units of measure - modern analysis of Josephus works
Josephus fought the Romans in the First Jewish-Roman War as a Jewish military leader in Galilee. After the Romans invaded, killing thousands, Josephus and one of his soldiers surrendered to the Roman forces. He became a prisoner and provided the Romans with intelligence on the ongoing revolt. He appears to have played some role as a negotiator with the defenders of Jerusalem in 70.
In 71, he arrived in Rome in the entourage of Titus, becoming a Roman citizen. It was while in Rome, and under Flavian patronage, that Josephus wrote all of his works. The works of Josephus were studied for nearly 2,000 years by scholars, pastors, students, and everybody interested in history. Josephus writes in enlightened and provocative style. He offers information about individuals, groups, customs and geographical places.
His writings provide a significant, extra-biblical account of the Maccabees, the Hasmonean dynasty and the rise of Herod the Great. He makes references to the Sadducees, Jewish High Priests of the time, Pharisees and Essenes, the Herodian Temple, the Zealots, and to such figures as Pontius Pilate, Herod the Great, Agrippa I and Agrippa II, John the Baptist, James the brother of Jesus. The Josephus' books provide the most important contemporary reference to Jesus Christ.
The updated translations of Josephus' works by William Whiston are easy to read and are essential to understanding of the first century Jerusalem, the time of Christ and the New Testament.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
The Life of Flavius Josephus or Autobiography of Flavius Josephus (c. 99)
APPENDIX: 1. Maps of Palestine: 830 BC | 50 AD | Galilee 50 AD 2. Maps of Assyria and Persian Empire: Assyria 824-671 BC | Persian Empire 490 BC 3. Maps of Roman Empire: 218 BC - 117 AD | 69 AD | 117 AD | Legions Camps 80 AD 4. Models: Jerusalem | Solomon's Temple | Herod's Temple 5. Timeline Graphical: Near East 3000-600 BC | Hasmonean Dynasty 175 BC-35 BC | Roman Empire 60 BC-450 AD 6. Timeline of Places: Palestine | Biblical Israel and Judah | Jerusalem | Ancient Rome 7. Timeline of Jewish Leaders: Kings of Judah | Kings of Israel | High Priests | Hasmonean Dynasty | Herodian Dynasty | Herod | Christianity 8. Timeline of Roman Leaders: Emperors | Procurators of Judaea 9. Graphical Family Trees: Herod | Herod and Mariamne | Flavian Dynasty 10. Biographies: Josephus | Hasmonean Dynasty | Herodian Dynasty | Herod | Vespasian | Titus | Domitian 11. History: Palestine | Biblical Israel and Judah | Iudaea Province | First Jewish-Roman War (66-73) | Kitos War (115-117) | Second Jewish-Roman War (132-135) 12. Calendar: Hebrew | Julian | Syrian/Macedonian 13. Coinage: Most Common | Hebrew | Greek | Roman 14. Units of Measure: Conversion | Relationship between units of length and human body 15. Josephus on Jesus: Antiquities of the Jews-Book XVIII | Antiquities of the Jews-Book XX | Description of Essenes
Antiquities of the Jews or Jewish Antiquities. Complete interlinked edition. Includes contemporary maps, timelines, family trees, coinage, and units of measure. (Mobi Classics) by Flavius JosephusMobileReferenceAntiquities of the Jews or Jewish Antiquities. Complete interlinked edition.
Includes: - contemporary maps - timelines - family trees - coinage - units of measure - modern view of history - analysis of Josephus works
Josephus fought the Romans in the First Jewish-Roman War as a Jewish military leader in Galilee. After the the Romans invaded, killing thousands, Josephus and one of his soldiers surrendered to the Roman forces. He became a prisoner and provided the Romans with intelligence on the ongoing revolt. He appears to have played some role as a negotiator with the defenders of Jerusalem in 70. In 71, he arrived in Rome in the entourage of Titus, becoming a Roman citizen. It was while in Rome, and under Flavian patronage, that Josephus wrote all of his works. The works of Josephus were studied for nearly 2,000 years by scholars, pastors, students, and everybody interested in history. Josephus writes in enlightened and provocative style. He offers information about individuals, groups, customs and geographical places. His writings provide a significant, extra-biblical account of the Maccabees, the Hasmonean dynasty and the rise of Herod the Great. He makes references to the Sadducees, Jewish High Priests of the time, Pharisees and Essenes, the Herodian Temple, the Zealots, and to such figures as Pontius Pilate, Herod the Great, Agrippa I and Agrippa II, John the Baptist, James the brother of Jesus. The Josephus' books provide the most important contemporary reference to Jesus Christ. The updated translations of Josephus' works by William Whiston are easy to read and are essential to understanding of the first century Jerusalem, the time of Christ and the New Testament. Antiquities of the Jews or Jewish Antiquities. Complete interlinked edition.
Includes: - contemporary maps - timelines - family trees - coinage - units of measure - modern view of history - analysis of Josephus works
Josephus fought the Romans in the First Jewish-Roman War as a Jewish military leader in Galilee. After the the Romans invaded, killing thousands, Josephus and one of his soldiers surrendered to the Roman forces. He became a prisoner and provided the Romans with intelligence on the ongoing revolt. He appears to have played some role as a negotiator with the defenders of Jerusalem in 70. In 71, he arrived in Rome in the entourage of Titus, becoming a Roman citizen. It was while in Rome, and under Flavian patronage, that Josephus wrote all of his works. The works of Josephus were studied for nearly 2,000 years by scholars, pastors, students, and everybody interested in history. Josephus writes in enlightened and provocative style. He offers information about individuals, groups, customs and geographical places. His writings provide a significant, extra-biblical account of the Maccabees, the Hasmonean dynasty and the rise of Herod the Great. He makes references to the Sadducees, Jewish High Priests of the time, Pharisees and Essenes, the Herodian Temple, the Zealots, and to such figures as Pontius Pilate, Herod the Great, Agrippa I and Agrippa II, John the Baptist, James the brother of Jesus. The Josephus' books provide the most important contemporary reference to Jesus Christ. The updated translations of Josephus' works by William Whiston are easy to read and are essential to understanding of the first century Jerusalem, the time of Christ and the New Testament. Wars of the Jews or Jewish War or the History of the Destruction of Jerusalem. Interlinked edition. Incl: maps, timelines, family trees, coinage (Mobi Classics) by Flavius JosephusMobileReferenceINCLUDES: - maps - timelines - family trees - coinage - units of measure - modern analysis of Josephus works
Josephus fought the Romans in the First Jewish-Roman War as a Jewish military leader in Galilee. After the Romans invaded, killing thousands, Josephus and one of his soldiers surrendered to the Roman forces. He became a prisoner and provided the Romans with intelligence on the ongoing revolt. He appears to have played some role as a negotiator with the defenders of Jerusalem in 70.
In 71, he arrived in Rome in the entourage of Titus, becoming a Roman citizen. It was while in Rome, and under Flavian patronage, that Josephus wrote all of his works. The works of Josephus were studied for nearly 2,000 years by scholars, pastors, students, and everybody interested in history. Josephus writes in enlightened and provocative style. He offers information about individuals, groups, customs and geographical places.
His writings provide a significant, extra-biblical account of the Maccabees, the Hasmonean dynasty and the rise of Herod the Great. He makes references to the Sadducees, Jewish High Priests of the time, Pharisees and Essenes, the Herodian Temple, the Zealots, and to such figures as Pontius Pilate, Herod the Great, Agrippa I and Agrippa II, John the Baptist, James the brother of Jesus. The Josephus' books provide the most important contemporary reference to Jesus Christ.
The updated translations of Josephus' works by William Whiston are easy to read and are essential to understanding of the first century Jerusalem, the time of Christ and the New Testament.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Wars of the Jews or Jewish War or the History of the Destruction of Jerusalem (c. 75)
APPENDIX: 1. Maps of Palestine: 830 BC | 50 AD | Galilee 50 AD 2. Maps of Assyria and Persian Empire: Assyria 824-671 BC | Persian Empire 490 BC 3. Maps of Roman Empire: 218 BC - 117 AD | 69 AD | 117 AD | Legions Camps 80 AD 4. Models: Jerusalem | Solomon's Temple | Herod's Temple 5. Timeline Graphical: Near East 3000-600 BC | Hasmonean Dynasty 175 BC-35 BC | Roman Empire 60 BC-450 AD 6. Timeline of Places: Palestine | Biblical Israel and Judah | Jerusalem | Ancient Rome 7. Timeline of Jewish Leaders: Kings of Judah | Kings of Israel | High Priests | Hasmonean Dynasty | Herodian Dynasty | Herod | Christianity 8. Timeline of Roman Leaders: Emperors | Procurators of Judaea 9. Graphical Family Trees: Herod | Herod and Mariamne | Flavian Dynasty 10. Biographies: Josephus | Hasmonean Dynasty | Herodian Dynasty | Herod | Vespasian | Titus | Domitian 11. History: Palestine | Biblical Israel and Judah | Iudaea Province | First Jewish-Roman War (66-73) | Kitos War (115-117) | Second Jewish-Roman War (132-135) 12. Calendar: Hebrew | Julian | Syrian/Macedonian 13. Coinage: Most Common | Hebrew | Greek | Roman 14. Units of Measure: Conversion | Relationship between units of length and human body 15. Josephus on Jesus: Antiquities of the Jews-Book XVIII | Antiquities of the Jews-Book XX | Description of Essenes
INCLUDES: - maps - timelines - family trees - coinage - units of measure - modern analysis of Josephus works
Josephus fought the Romans in the First Jewish-Roman War as a Jewish military leader in Galilee. After the Romans invaded, killing thousands, Josephus and one of his soldiers surrendered to the Roman forces. He became a prisoner and provided the Romans with intelligence on the ongoing revolt. He appears to have played some role as a negotiator with the defenders of Jerusalem in 70.
In 71, he arrived in Rome in the entourage of Titus, becoming a Roman citizen. It was while in Rome, and under Flavian patronage, that Josephus wrote all of his works. The works of Josephus were studied for nearly 2,000 years by scholars, pastors, students, and everybody interested in history. Josephus writes in enlightened and provocative style. He offers information about individuals, groups, customs and geographical places.
His writings provide a significant, extra-biblical account of the Maccabees, the Hasmonean dynasty and the rise of Herod the Great. He makes references to the Sadducees, Jewish High Priests of the time, Pharisees and Essenes, the Herodian Temple, the Zealots, and to such figures as Pontius Pilate, Herod the Great, Agrippa I and Agrippa II, John the Baptist, James the brother of Jesus. The Josephus' books provide the most important contemporary reference to Jesus Christ.
The updated translations of Josephus' works by William Whiston are easy to read and are essential to understanding of the first century Jerusalem, the time of Christ and the New Testament.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Wars of the Jews or Jewish War or the History of the Destruction of Jerusalem (c. 75)
APPENDIX: 1. Maps of Palestine: 830 BC | 50 AD | Galilee 50 AD 2. Maps of Assyria and Persian Empire: Assyria 824-671 BC | Persian Empire 490 BC 3. Maps of Roman Empire: 218 BC - 117 AD | 69 AD | 117 AD | Legions Camps 80 AD 4. Models: Jerusalem | Solomon's Temple | Herod's Temple 5. Timeline Graphical: Near East 3000-600 BC | Hasmonean Dynasty 175 BC-35 BC | Roman Empire 60 BC-450 AD 6. Timeline of Places: Palestine | Biblical Israel and Judah | Jerusalem | Ancient Rome 7. Timeline of Jewish Leaders: Kings of Judah | Kings of Israel | High Priests | Hasmonean Dynasty | Herodian Dynasty | Herod | Christianity 8. Timeline of Roman Leaders: Emperors | Procurators of Judaea 9. Graphical Family Trees: Herod | Herod and Mariamne | Flavian Dynasty 10. Biographies: Josephus | Hasmonean Dynasty | Herodian Dynasty | Herod | Vespasian | Titus | Domitian 11. History: Palestine | Biblical Israel and Judah | Iudaea Province | First Jewish-Roman War (66-73) | Kitos War (115-117) | Second Jewish-Roman War (132-135) 12. Calendar: Hebrew | Julian | Syrian/Macedonian 13. Coinage: Most Common | Hebrew | Greek | Roman 14. Units of Measure: Conversion | Relationship between units of length and human body 15. Josephus on Jesus: Antiquities of the Jews-Book XVIII | Antiquities of the Jews-Book XX | Description of Essenes
The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Coinage (Oxford Handbooks) by William E. MetcalfOxford University Press, USAA large gap exists in the literature of ancient numismatics between general works intended for collectors and highly specialized studies addressed to numismatists. Indeed, there is hardly anything produced by knowledgeable numismatists that is easily accessible to the academic community at large or the interested lay reader. The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Coinage will fill this gap by providing a systematic overview of the major coinages of the classical world. The handbook begins with a general introduction by volume editor William E. Metcalf followed by an article establishing the history and role of scientific analysis in ancient numismatics. The subsequent thirty-two chapters, all written by an international group of distinguished scholars, cover a vast geography and chronology, beginning with the first evidence of coins in Western Asia Minor in the seventh century BCE and continuing up to the transformation of coinage at the end of the Roman Empire. In addition to providing the essential background and current research questions of each of the major coinages, the handbook also includes articles on the application of numismatic evidence to the disciplines of archaeology, economic history, art history, and ancient history. With helpful appendices, a glossary of specialized terms, indices of mints, persons, and general topics, and nearly 900 halftone illustrations, The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Coinage will be an indispensable resource for scholars and students of the classical world, as well as a stimulating reference for collectors and interested lay readers. History of the U.S. Mint and Its Coinage (Red Book) by David LangeWhitman PublishingWhile collecting coins, relatively few people have taken the time to learn the background of what they collect— how their coins were minted and where. This book, with its attractive design and supplemental research, offers to remedy that! Good Money: Birmingham Button Makers, the Royal Mint, and the Beginnings of Modern Coinage, 1775-1821 by George SelginIndependent InstituteA fascinating story of the important yet virtually unknown episode in the history of money, this history chronicles the British manufacturers’ challenge to the Crown’s monopoly on coinage. In the 1780s, when the Industrial Revolution was gathering momentum, the Royal Mint failed to produce enough small-denomination coinage for factory owners to pay their workers. As the currency shortage threatened to derail industrial progress, manufacturers began to mint custom-made coins, called tradesman’s tokens,” which served as the nation’s most popular currency for wages and retail sales until 1821, when the Crown outlawed all moneys except its own. This book not only examines the crucial role of private coinage in fueling Great Britain’s Industrial Revolution, but also sheds light on contemporary private-sector alternatives to government-issued money, such as digital monies, cash cards, electronic funds transfer, andoutside of the United Statesspontaneous dollarization.” Coinage in the Roman Economy, 300 B.C. to A.D. 700 (Ancient Society and History) by Kenneth W. HarlThe Johns Hopkins University PressThe premier form of Roman money since the time of the Second Punic War (218-201 B.C.), coins were vital to the success of Roman state finances, taxation, markets, and commerce beyond the frontiers. Yet until now, the economic and social history of Rome has been written independently of numismatic studies, which detail such technical information as weight standards, mint output, hoards, and finds at archaeological sites. In Coinage in the Roman Economy, 300 B.C. to A.D. 700, noted classicist and numismatist Kenneth W. Harl brings together these two fields in the first comprehensive history of how Roman coins were minted and used. Drawing on literary and documentary sources as well as on current methods of metallurgical study and statistical analysis of coins from archaeological sites, Harl presents a sweeping overview of a system of coinage in use for more than a millennium. Challenging much recent scholarship, he emphasizes the important role played by coins in the overseas expansion of the Roman Republic during the second century B.C., in imperial inflationary policies during the third and fourth centuries A.D., and in the dissolution of the Roman Mediterranean order in the seventh century A.D. He also offers the first region-by-region analysis of prices and wages throughout Roman history with reference to the changing buying power of the major circulating denominations. And he shows how the seldom-studied provincial, civic, and imitative coinages were in fact important components of Roman currency. Richly illustrated with photographic reproductions of nearly three hundred specimens, Coinage in the Roman Economy offers a significant contribution to Roman economic history. It will be of interest to scholars and students of classical antiquity and the Middle Ages, as well as to professional and amateur numismatists. Roman Provincial Coinage, Volume I by Michael AmandryBritish Museum PressThis book embodies a new conception of Roman coinage. It presents, for the first time, an authoritative account of the coins minted in the provinces of the empire and shows how they can be regarded as an integral part of the coinage minted under the Roman emperors. This first volume covers the hundred years from the death of Julius Caesar in 44 BC to the death of Vitellius in AD 69; it examines the coinage of more than 400 cities from all round the Empire. For each city there is a discussion of attribution, dating, denominations, typology and interpretation, followed by a listing of the issues. The catalogue is based on the principal collections and includes over 100,000 coins classified into over 5000 major types. The fruit of many years of international collaboration by leading scholars, this book will be an essential reference and a mine of information for numismatists, historians and archaeologists for many years to come. Celtic coinage of Britainby R. D Van ArsdellSpink
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